Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the inability of men to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for a satisfactory sex life during sexual activity. Its causes are complex and may involve physiological, psychological and lifestyle factors. The following are common causes:
Physiological factors
Vascular problems: such as arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure, which affect blood flow to the penis.
Nerve damage: Diseases such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis may damage nerves and affect erections.
Hormonal imbalance: Hormonal problems such as low testosterone levels may cause ED.
Drug side effects: Certain drugs (such as antidepressants and antihypertensive drugs) may cause ED.
Surgery or trauma: Pelvic surgery or trauma may damage related nerves and blood vessels.
Psychological factors
Anxiety and stress: Work, life stress or sexual performance anxiety may cause ED.
Depression: Depressed patients often have sexual dysfunction.
Relationship problems: Tensions between partners or poor communication may affect sexual function.
Lifestyle factors
Smoking: Damages blood vessels and affects blood flow to the penis.
Alcoholism: Excessive drinking may damage nerve and blood vessel function.
Lack of exercise: Long-term sitting may lead to obesity and cardiovascular problems, increasing the risk of ED.
Poor diet: A high-fat, high-sugar diet may cause obesity and diabetes, which in turn leads to ED.
